Sowore vs DSS: Free Speech or Defamation? By Mohammed Bego Abdullahi
It was during a session of the PRNigeria Young Communication Fellowship in Kano that a heated debate broke out among participants. The topic was the latest confrontation between the Federal Government and activist-journalist Omoyele Sowore. Some participants defended Sowore’s right to free speech, while others insisted his choice of words crossed the line into defamation. The exchange underscored a larger national dilemma: where does free speech end, and where does defamation begin?
On August 26, 2025, Sowore posted on X (formerly Twitter): “This criminal @officialABAT actually went to Brazil to state that there is NO MORE corruption under his regime in Nigeria. What audacity to lie shamelessly!”
The message accused President Bola Ahmed Tinubu of criminal conduct without evidence. The Department of State Services (DSS) responded swiftly. In a letter dated September 7, the agency demanded that Sowore delete the post, issue a public apology across media platforms, and submit himself—physically or digitally—for interrogation. Sowore refused. The DSS branded the post “false, malicious, inciting” and warned that it could provoke unrest and threaten national unity.
This episode has reignited an urgent conversation. Nigeria’s constitution guarantees freedom of expression, but like in all democracies, that right is not absolute. The law draws boundaries at defamation, incitement, and threats to public safety.
Some participants argued that calling a sitting president a “criminal” on a global platform, without presenting proof or following due process, ventures dangerously close to defamation. Words are not harmless. They shape perceptions, inflame passions, and can destabilize fragile institutions. Sowore’s frustrations may stem from legitimate criticism of governance, but tone and language matter—especially for a public figure with significant influence.
Yet, the DSS response raises equally troubling concerns. Demanding a public apology, deletion of the post, and an appearance for interrogation risks being perceived as intimidation, so noted by another participant.
Read Also:
In a country where dissent has often been met with excessive force, such actions can backfire, transforming a political disagreement into a freedom-of-expression crisis.
There is a better, more democratic path. If the government believes it has been defamed, the proper recourse is through the courts. A defamation suit provides a fair, transparent process where evidence can be tested and judgment delivered. Resorting to coercion or threats of force erodes confidence in state institutions, undermines democracy, and draws unwelcome international scrutiny.
So, what lessons should media professionals, communicators, and citizens draw from this? First, words carry weight. Emotionally charged language may win attention but often deepens division. Journalists and commentators must strive for accuracy and balance, resisting sensationalism. Criticism should be grounded in facts, not fury. Sowore, if convinced of his claims, should back them with verifiable evidence in the appropriate legal arena.
Second, the government must avoid authoritarian reflexes. Heavy-handed responses to provocative speech are not a show of strength but of fragility. A confident democracy absorbs dissent, challenges falsehoods with facts, and pursues justice through lawful channels.
Third, there is a pressing need for public education on the boundaries of free expression. Many Nigerians are unaware of the legal distinctions between free speech, defamation, and incitement. Civic awareness will empower citizens to engage responsibly while holding leaders accountable.
Ultimately, this debate is bigger than Sowore or Tinubu. It is about safeguarding Nigeria’s democratic discourse. Both sides bear responsibility: Sowore must defend his claims with evidence rather than incendiary rhetoric, while the government must resist silencing dissent through intimidation.
Democracy thrives not when critics are crushed, but when truth is tested in open, accountable forums. Let the courts, not coercion, determine whether Sowore’s words were fair criticism or defamatory excess. Only then can Nigeria strike the right balance between free speech and responsibility, between robust debate and reckless speech.
Mohammed Bego Abdullahi, Kofar Dukawuya, Kano City
