Farashin Canji da Yawa ya ja wa Najeriya Asara Fiye da Tallafin Man Fetur – Cardoso
Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN), Olayemi Cardoso, ya ce tsarin musayar kuɗi da yawa da aka yi a baya a Najeriya ya sanya wa tattalin arziki nauyi fiye da tallafin mai, inda aka samu matsala da tsarin, wanda ya jawo wa ƙasar asarar kusan kashi 3 cikin 100 na jimillar kayayyakin da take samarwa a cikin gida.
Cardoso, wanda ya bayyana hakan yayin da yake tunani kan gyare-gyaren kuɗi na shekaru 3 da aka aiwatar a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, a ranar Talata a ƙarshen taron kwamitin na 307 a Abuja, ya ce asarar da ke da alaƙa da karkatar da musayar kuɗi ta ƙasashen waje, idan aka haɗa da kuɗin tallafin mai, ya kai kusan kashi 5.2 cikin 100 na GDP na Najeriya.
Gwamnan CBN ya ce gyare-gyaren sun zama dole ne saboda kasuwar musayar kuɗi ta ƙasar ta zama mara inganci, inda tagogi da dama na canjin kuɗi suka samar da damammaki ga sasantawa, suna hana samun dama da kuma rage amincewa da tattalin arziki.
A cewarsa, lamarin ya sa samun damar shiga musayar kuɗi ya dogara ne da haɗin gwiwa maimakon ƙa’idodin kasuwa masu gaskiya, yayin da ‘yan kasuwa da masu zuba jari ke fama da rashin tsari saboda ci gaba da rashin tabbas.
Cardoso ya bayyana cewa daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da gwamnatinsa ta sa a babban bankin shine mayar da babban bankin CBN zuwa ga babban aikinta na kiyaye farashi da daidaiton kudi.
Ya ce shawarar yin garambawul ga kasuwar musayar kuɗi ta ƙasashen waje wani ɓangare ne na babban ƙoƙari na kawar da karkacewar abubuwa da kuma kafa tsarin gaskiya bisa ga masu saye da son rai da masu sayarwa da son rai.
“Kafin mu zo, akwai musayar kuɗi da yawa. Kasuwa ce da ba ta da inganci inda hanyoyin shiga suka dogara da hanyoyin sadarwa,” in ji Cardoso, a cewar rahoton jawabinsa.
Ya bayyana cewa tsarin da aka yi a baya ya haifar da manyan karkacewar tattalin arziki tare da sanya farashi wanda ya wuce kasuwar musayar kuɗi ta ƙasashen waje, wanda ya shafi kasuwanci, masu amfani da kayayyaki da kuma tattalin arzikin duniya baki ɗaya.
Gwamnan ya ce an kiyasta asarar da ke tattare da tagogi da dama na canjin kuɗi a kashi uku cikin ɗari na GDP, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 2.2 cikin ɗari da aka danganta da tallafin mai.
Idan aka haɗa su, ya ce, duka karkatattun abubuwa sun kai kusan kashi 5.2 cikin 100 na GDP, wanda hakan ya nuna girman nauyin tattalin arziki da gwamnati ta gada.
Kalaman Cardoso sun kasance wani ɓangare na kimantawarsa game da gyare-gyaren da CBN ta gabatar tun lokacin da ya hau mulki. Ya ce babban bankin ya gaji tattalin arziki wanda ke fuskantar ƙalubalen amincewa, raguwar darajar kuɗi cikin sauri, hauhawar farashi da kuma kimantawa mara kyau daga hukumomin kimantawa na duniya.
Ya tuna cewa ƙasar ta kai wani matsayi inda amincewa da tsarin tattalin arzikinta ya ragu, inda ‘yan kasuwa da masu zuba jari ke ganin yana da wahala su yi hasashen abin da zai yiwu.
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A cewarsa, dawo da kwarin gwiwa yana buƙatar haɗakar daidaiton manufofi, ladabi da gyare-gyare da nufin magance raunin tsarin kuɗi a cikin tsarin kuɗi.
Dangane da haɗa kasuwar musayar kuɗi ta ƙasashen waje wanda ya rage gibin da ke tsakanin farashin kasuwa na hukuma da na daidai gwargwado, Cardoso ya ce CBN ta maye gurbin tsarin da ya gabata na tagogi da yawa da tsarin kasuwa mai haske, wanda ke ba da damar ƙimar musayar kuɗi ta mayar da martani kai tsaye ga ƙarfin kasuwa.
Ya ce, an tsara wannan garambawul ne don rage damar yin sulhu da kuma tabbatar da cewa ba a sake tantance damar samun musayar kuɗi ta ƙasashen waje ta hanyar shirye-shiryen fifiko ba.
Gwamnan ya lura cewa sabuwar hanyar ta dogara ne akan ƙa’idar mai siye da son rai, wanda ya ce zai goyi bayan gaskiya da inganta aikin kasuwa.
An gabatar da gyare-gyaren musayar kuɗi a lokacin da Naira ke fuskantar matsin lamba sosai kuma ‘yan kasuwa suna fama da rashin tabbas kan samuwar da farashin kuɗin ƙasashen waje.
Ga ‘yan kasuwa masu dogaro da shigo da kaya, masana’antun da sauran masu gudanar da harkokin tattalin arziki, sauyin farashin musayar kuɗi ya shafi farashin samarwa, farashi da kuma shawarwarin saka hannun jari.
Cardoso ya ce manufar CBN ita ce a kawar da matsalar tattalin arziki zuwa ga yanayi mai kwanciyar hankali inda mutane da ‘yan kasuwa za su iya tsara abubuwa cikin aminci.
Ya bayyana sauyin a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban ƙoƙari na sake gina amincewa da tsarin tattalin arzikin ƙasar da kuma inganta sahihancin manufofin kuɗi.
Gwamnan CBN ya kuma kare shawarar bankin na daukar matakin tsaurara matakan tsuke bakin aljihu, duk da cewa wasu bankunan tsakiya da dama a duniya sun fara sassauta manufofinsu.
Ya ce yanayin tattalin arzikin Najeriya ya bambanta kuma ana buƙatar yanke shawara kan manufofi bisa ga bayanan cikin gida maimakon ci gaba a wasu yankuna.
Babban bankin CBN ya kara yawan riba a matsayin wani bangare na kokarin magance matsin lamba na hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, sarrafa yawan kudin ruwa da kuma daidaita kasuwar musayar kudaden waje.
Cardoso ya ce bankin ya gaji matsin lamba mai yawa na kudi, ciki har da ma’aunin Hanyoyi da Manufofi na ₦ tiriliyan 23.7 da kuma ayyukan da suka wuce ₦ tiriliyan 10.
Ya yi jayayya cewa tarin yawan ruwa ya taimaka wajen haifar da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki kuma ya rikitar da aikin dawo da daidaiton tattalin arziki.
A cewarsa, shawarar CBN na tsaurara manufofin kuɗi ta samo asali ne daga buƙatar magance waɗannan ƙalubalen da kuma dawo da tsarin da’a a cikin tsarin kuɗi.
Ya ce matakan sun fara samar da sakamako, yana mai nuni da daidaita hauhawar farashin kaya da kuma inganta yanayin da kasar ke ciki a waje.
A bisa ga alkaluman da aka ambata a cikin rahoton, hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a Najeriya ya ragu daga kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 lokacin da shugabancin CBN na yanzu ya hau mulki zuwa kashi 15.39 cikin 100 a watan Agusta na 2026, idan aka kwatanta da kashi 15.43 cikin 100 a watan Yuli.
Cardoso ya ce raguwar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ya nuna cewa matakan tsaurara matakan suna da tasiri, duk da cewa ya amince da buƙatar ci gaba da taka tsantsan da kuma daidaita manufofi.
