Akwai bukatun wajibi guda uku da dukkan dan Adam ke da bukatar ya samu: da suka hadar da abincin da zai ci, wurin zama da tufafin sawa, amma dake al’umma na kara yawa, kimiyya da fasaha na sake habaka, bukatun sun wuce haka, a yanzu dai wutar lantarki da harkokin sadarwa sun shiga abubuwan wajibi a rayuwar mu ta yau da kullum.
Kamar dai yadda ake sani sai an kashe kudi bukatun wajibi kama daga lantatarki da sadarwa, kan samu. Mamallaka wannan fannin kan bukaci kudin shiga domin lura da bangaren da kuma yin gasa a tsakanin su. Da yake dai wutar lantarki ta dade da zama wajibi ga al’umma hakan ya haifar da daidaita bakin aljihu a dukkan lokacin da aka sami matsalolin da suka dabaibayeta, amma kiran waya tura sakon karta- kwana da kuma data domin hawa internet da basu dade da zuwa ga al’umma ba, sun kasancewa abubuwan wajibi.
Tun bayan ‘yantar da harkokin sadarwa a Nijeriya shekarar 1999 karkashin dokar sadarwa ta (NCA) ta shekarar 1992, masana’antar ta sami gagarumin ci gaba. Aka sami masu zuba jari sama da dalar Amurka Biliyan 3, wannan ya sauya kasar ta zama cikin kasashe masu saurin habakar kasuwar sadarwa a nahiyar Afirka. Gabatar da wayar hannu a kasar ya sanya yawan masu amfani da ita ya rubanya daga 500,000 a shekarar 2001 zuwa miliyan 108 a shekarar 2012. Wannan ya samar da ci gaba gami da inganta tattalin arziki, inganta harkokin sadarwa tare da kyautata rayuwa al’umma a fadin kasar.
Tsahon shekaru masu wadannan kamfanonin sadarwa sun yi ta kira akai-akai don ganin an sami karin farashi ga abokan huldarsu, domin ganin sun habaka ayyukansu gami da inganta sabis. Wadannan kiraye-kiraye sun karu sakamakon kalubalen tattalin arziki da ake fuskanta a tsakaninnan, kama daga cire tattafin man futer, rage darajar Naira da kuma karuwar farashi a kasuwanni da ya kwashe shekaru 11 ana hakurkurtar da su idan ka koma 2013.
A ‘yan tsakaninnan hukumar dake lura da harkokin sadarwa a Nijeriya NCC ta amince da su yi Karin kashi 50 cikin dari (50%), bayan da ta ki amincewa da bukatar kamfanonin na yin Karin kashi 100 cikin 100 na kudin da suke chajar abokan huldarsu a kasar. Wannan matsaya ta taimaka wajen samun daidaito mai sauki gami da dorewa masana’antun tare da samawa al’umma sauki, ko da yake da dama cikin ‘yan Nijeriya basu fiye la’akari da kudaden da suke kashewa a kiran waya, tura sakon karta kwana na SMS da kuma Data ba.
Jaridar Economic Confidential ta rawaito cewa, sabon farashin da hukumar ta NCC ta amince da shi tuni ya fara aiki, wanda kuma ya nuna yadda farashin ya tashi a fadin kasar. A karkashin sabon tsarin harajin, farashin kira ya tashi daga N 11 zuwa N 16.50 kan ko wannen minti daya, kudin sakon SMS daga farashin N 4 zuwa N 6 sai kuma data 1GB daga N 287.50 zuwa N 431.25. binciken ya nuna cewa dukkanin farashin ya daga da kashi 50 cikin dari
Harkokin sadarwa na Nijeriya ya fuskanci manyan kalubalen aiki a shekarar 2023, wanda yayi kasa da kashi 50.92% a harkokin gudanarwa. Farashin da ya karu daga Naira tiriliyan 2.09 a shekarar 2022 zuwa naira tiriliyan 3.16 a shekarar 2023, ya yin da masu kamfanonin ke fuskatar matsalolin hauhawar farashi, faduwar Naira da kuma karuwar kudin makamashi.
Duk da wannan kalubale kudin harajin da yake samarwa ya karu, inda ya samar da kashi 37.57%, wanda ya kai naira tiliyan 5.30 biyo bayan samun karuwar amfani da Data da kiran murya. Haka kuma fannin ya zuba kashi 26.06 domin yin manyan ayyuka da akalla biliyan 990.55 da suka hadar da samar da hanyar sadarwa mai karfi ta 5G da kuma kara fadada hanyoyin sadarwa.
Rahoton hukumar NCC na karshen shekarar 2023 ya bayyana cewa masu kiran waya a kasar ne suka bayar da gudunmawa mafi girma da naira triliyan 2.52 da kuma harajin naira biliyan 4.01, ya yin da kamfanonin dake samar da hanyoyin sadarwa suka samar da Naira biliyan 96.81 gami biliyan 89.81 na kudin shiga. Fadadawa gami da ginene a fannin sun zama shaida gani da ido, inda ya karo da kashi 8.4% zuwa 137,992, bayan shimfida wayar (fiber Optic) mai tsahon kilomiter 83,254.5 km da kuma dogayen turaku da suka kai 39.356.
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Duk da wadannan ci gaba, Broadband ya samu saguwa da kashi 43.71% duk da cewa an ce an sauya adadin jama’a, duk da adadin mutanen ya karo zuwa miliyan 94.76. a daya bisa hudu na shekarar 2023, inda ya karo da ga 13.55% na shekarar 2022. Duk da cewa masu aikin sun mayar da hankali ingancin aiki, ya zamana amfani da Data ya karu da kashi 37.58% zuwa terabytes dubu 713,200.62. kuma haka ya tabbatar rawar da fannin sadarwa ya bayar wajen haba tattalin arziki na zamani.
Wannan rubutu ya mayar da hankali ne ga harajin data, saboda yadda da yake da muhimmancin ga daidaikun al’umma dama kamfanoni wajen samar da bayanai da tattalashi. Kasancewar cikakken bayanin na taimakawa a fanin sadarwa, da kuma yana karafawa gami da sabunta harkokin sadarwa a fadin duniya
Babu tsayayyen Farashin data a kasashen nahiyar Afirka, duk da cewa Nijeriya na matsayin kasar da ta fi arahar data a cikin kasashen dake nahiyar, wani rahoton bincike da ITU’s suka fita a shekarar 2023 ya bayyana cewa ana sayarda 2GB na data a Nijeriya kan farashin dala 2.35 idan ka kwatanta da kasae Ghana da ake sayarwa kan farashin dala 2.66, sai kasar Kenya da ake sayarwa kan farashin dala 2.92 inda rahoton yace Kasar South Africa ana sayar da Datar kan farashin dala 7.98. sao kasar Zimbabwe dake kan gaba a nahiyar ta Afirka da ake sayar da Data 2GB akan farashin dala 10.23. haka kuma wani rahoto da Cable.co.uk ta fitar ya iyyana Nijeriya matsayin kasa ta 31 da ke da saukin Data a fadin duniya da ake sayar da 1GB a farashin dala 0.39, wadda ta zama kasa mafi aragar daga a yammacin nahiyar Afirka.
Haka kuma jaridar Economic Confidential, ta habarto cewa karancin kudin farashin ya samu ne bisa halin da tattalin arzikin Nijeriya ke ciki, duk da cewa kasashen dake da karancin GDP idan ka kwatanta da sauran kasashe dake da dala 6,207 a shekarar 2023, kamar yadda bankin duniya ya bayyana. Idan ka kalli yadda kasar South Africa ke chajar dala 7.98 kan kowanne 2GB, hakan ya daga darajar harajinta na GDP zuwa dala 15,194.2. haka ita ma kasar Ghana da ke da dala (7,543.0) sai kenya dake da dala 6,307.2) dukkan su sun wuce Nijeri a GDP, duk da suna da tsadar kudin sayen Data. Wannan bambancin farashi da ake ya bayyana karara irin karfin tattalin arziki da ake samu da yawan abokan huda a bangarori daban-daba.
Dr. Aminu maida babban mataimakin shugaban hukumar NCC ta Nijeriya da yake bayyana dalilin da yasa aka kara harajin kudin kiran a kasar, yace tun da fari kamfanonin sun bukaci a basu damar yin Karin da kashin 100 cikin dari, sai dai hukumar ta bayar da damar yin Karin da kashi 50 cikin 100 ne domin samun daidaito da sauki ga al’ummar kasar tare da yin nazari ga cigaban da ake da bukatar samu a bangaren.
Haka shima ministan sadarwa da tattalin arziki na zamani Bosun Tijani, yace Karin farashin ya zama wajibi domin samar da daidaito da cigaba a harkokin gudanarwar kamfanonin sadarwa. Harkokin sadarwa a Nijeriya ya yi kasa masu zuba jari daga kasashen waje sun rago tsawon shekaru 6 da dala miliyan 14.74 a 1 bisa 3 na shekarar 2024(Q3 2024), haka kuma manyan kamfanonin da ke kasar irin su MTN da Airtel na fuskantar tasgaro a harkokin kasuwancin tare da fuskantar faduwa.
Manyan masu ruwa da tsaki, irin su kungiyar Mamallaka kamfanonin sadarwa ta Nijeriya (ALTON) da shugaban kamfanin MTN Karl Toriola, na da ra’ayin cewa Karin farashin sai dawo da masu zuba hannun jari a kasar, tare da farfado da ingantacce Network ga masu amfani da wayoyi a kasar.
Sai dai al’ummar a kasar sun yi zazzafar muhawara akan Karin kudin, matsayin abinda bai dace ba a wannan lokacin, kungiyoyi al’umma irin su kungiyar kwadago ta NLC kungiyar NATCOMS sun kalubalanci matakin, wanda suka ambaceshi matsayin wani zalunci akan ‘yan kasa abokan huldar kanfanoni
Kan wannan lamari wasu na da ra’ayin ya kamata a sake tsuke bakin aljihu, kamar yadda aka yi a fanin wutar lantarki a kasar. Hakan zai kunshi rage aiki da wasu kayan aiki na dan lokaci, ko kuma a kasha wasu manyan kayan aiki na wasu sashe da kuma yin kokarin rage wasu ‘yan kunji-kunji musamman a fanin makamashi.
Ko da ya ke kalubalen tattalin arziki ne ya sa aka yi kari da kashi 50 cikin 100, domle ne kamfanonin su fi mayar da hankali wajen saka hannun jari, samar da kirkire kirkire domin inganta cigaban fannin, samar da wasu hanyoyin wajen yin amfani da makamashi na zamani ko, samar da kayan aiki na fasahar zamani ta AI, sanya idanu tare da tabbatar da an inganta aiki yayin da akayi Karin kudi. Hadin kai da masu ruwa da tsaki zai taimaka matuka wajen inganta harkokin sadarwa ya kuma daidaita ci gaban fannin da masu amfani da shi.
Zekeri Idakwo Laruba da ga Wuye District a birnin tarayya Abuja [email protected]
